Many of the normal flora or pathogens

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Kenneth Todor, Ph.D.

normal flora in healthy animals, the internal tissue, e. by blood, brain, muscles,

,

, etc., usually free of microorganisms. But

surface tissue, i. ie, skin and mucous membranes, are constantly in contact with

environmental organisms and is readily colonized by different microbial species

. A mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical site called >>

<< normal flora, but scientists in the field

who prefer the term "

". Normal microflora of man is composed of several eukaryotic >> << fungi and protozoa, bacteria, but

is the most numerous and obvious microbial components of the normal flora >>. Figure 1 <<. Gram type of Micrococcus

,

usually isolated from the skin and nasal membranes of man. The overwhelming bacterial flora of man are given in Table 1. This table lists only a fraction of the total species of bacteria that occur

as normal flora of man. A recent experiment, which used 16S RNA probes

examine a variety of bacteria in plaque, showed that only

one percent of the total number of species found ever grown. Similar >> << observations were made of intestinal flora. In addition, this table

does not mean the relative amount or concentration

bacteria in a certain place. If you read

online, you can skip this table and use it as a constant reference >>. << To continue this story, click on the bottom of the table notes on

association between man and the normal flora of Table 1. The bacteria often found on the surface of the strattera 40mg human body. (1), staphylococci and corynebacteria occur >> << each site listed. Epidermal staphylococcus

highly adapted to different environments it

human body. Staphylococcus aureus

is a potential pathogen. This is the main reason >> << bacterial diseases in humans. It can spread from the nasal membranes

asymptomatic carrier in the sensitive organism. S. epidermal. Scanning EM. CDC. (2) Many of the normal flora or pathogens

or opportunistic pathogens, asterisks indicate members of normal flora that can

considered the main pathogens of people. Staphylococcus aureus. Grams. (3) streptococcus bacterium is a major part in

formation of plaque and early tooth decay. Considered as

,

opportunistic infections diseases of teeth is one of the most common and roads

Infectious Diseases in the United States. Streptococci. Grams. CDC

(4) Enterococcus fecal

previously classified as fecal Streptococcus

. Bacteria such regular component

intestinal flora that many European countries use it as a standard indicator of fecal contamination

, just as we use

E. Sticks

in the U.S. in recent years

Enterococcus fecal became >> << significant,

antibiotic-resistant, nosocomial pathogens. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fecal. Scanning EM CDC

(5) pneumoniae is present in

upper respiratory tract

about half the population. If he gets into the lower respiratory tract

it can cause pneumonia. Pneumococcus causes

,

95 percent of all bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcus. Direct fluorescent antibody stain. CDC. (6), Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to group

. beta-hemolytic streptococcus

. Streptococci cause tonsillitis (inflammation of the throat), pneumonia, endocarditis

Some streptococcal disease can lead to rheumatic >> << ; fever or nephritis, which can damage the heart and kidneys. Streptococcus pyogenes. Grams. (7), Neisseria and other Gram-negative cocci

are frequent inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract, mainly

,

throat. Neisseria meningitidis

, important cause of bacterial meningitis, can colonize

. and until the owner can develop an active immunity against the pathogen

Neisseria meningitidis. Grams. (8) While E. coli is consistent >>

<< resident of the small intestine >> <<,

many other intestinal bacteria may be present here, is including

Klebsiella,

Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Some strains of Escherichia coli is

pathogens that cause intestinal infections, urinary tract infection

and neonatal meningitis. E.coli. Scanning EM Shirley Owens. Center for Electronic

optics. University of Michigan. (9), Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the quintessential opportunistic pathogens

people who can penetrate virtually any tissue. This

,

main cause nosocomial (nosocomial) Gram-negative infections

but its source is often exogenous (by owner). Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies that grow on agar plates. The most dangerous species of Pseudomonas produce slimy colonies and green >> << pigments such as this isolation. (10), Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent secondary invader

to viral influenza, and was named accordingly. The bacterium was

leading cause of meningitis in infants and children until recently

development of vaccine against hepatitis type Hflu. Haemophilus influenzae. Grams. (11) The largest number of bacteria found in the lower intestinal

,

tract, especially colon and the most common bacteria Bacteroides

group of Gram-negative, anaerobic, not sporoobrazuyuschyh bacteria. They >> << have been involved in start colitis and colon cancer. Bacteroides fragile. Grams. (12) Bifidobacteria are gram-positive,

, not sporoobrazuyuschyh, lactic acid bacteria >> << acids. They were described as "friendly" bacteria in the gut

people. Bifidobacterium bifidum is the predominant >> << kinds of bacteria in the intestines infants, where it likely

prevents colonization of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. These bacteria

sometimes used in the production of yogurt and often

included in probiotics. Bifidobacterium bifidum. (13) lactobacilli in the mouth

, probably help

acid formation that leads to tooth decay. Acidophilus Lactobacillus

populate the epithelium of the vagina during childbearing age and

sets the low pH that inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacillus species and squaemous vaginal epithelial cells. CDC

(14) There are many types of Clostridium, that

colonization of the intestine. Clostridium perfringens is usually isolated from feces

. Clostridium difficile can colonize the intestines and cause

"antibiotic-induced diarrhea" or pseudomembranous colitis. Clostridium perfringens. Grams. (15) Clostridium tetanus is included in the table >>

<< such as bacteria, that is "currently connected" with people like

component of normal flora. The bacterium can be isolated from feces in

0 - 25 percent of the population. Endospory

probably ingested with food and water, and bacteria do not colonize the intestine

. Clostridium tetanus. Grams. (16), corynebacteria, and some related

,

propionic bacteria responsible flora of the skin. Some have been implicated as the cause >>

<< to acne. Corynebacterium diphtheria, diphtheria agent

,

considered a member of normal flora to the wide use << >> diphtheria toxoid used for immunization against the disease. Corynebacterium diphtheria. More is not part of normal flora. Kenneth Todor, Ph.D. All rights reserved. - WWW. textbookofbacteriology. Net >>. <<